雅思阅读：逻辑结构在猜测词义中的应用（下）

2017-09-01 | 编辑：广州环球教育 | 分享到

摘要：雅思阅读：逻辑结构在猜测词义中的应用（下）

广州雅思培训小编给大家整理了，雅思阅读袁宇坤老师写的：雅思阅读：逻辑结构在猜测词义中的应用（下）接6月文章：雅思阅读：逻辑结构在猜测词义中的应用（上）

3.指代关系

首先，需明白一个原理：英文中前后句子需有逻辑关联，而逻辑关联的一种体现就在---“逻辑对象一致性”，即相邻两句所描述的主体需一致，即同级替换或具体化。

同级替换：

As a student atthe city of London School, Perkin became immersed in the study of chemistry. Histalentand devotion to thesubject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall.

第一句：Perkin-------第二句：His指Perkin

第一句：chemistry---第二句：the subject

l the表特指，the subject为该科目，必然上句出现某一科目名字

具体化：

The lack of ability of some cultures to deal with largenumbers is not really surprising. European languages, when traced back to theirearlier version, are very poor in number words and expressions.

第一句：some cultures ---具体化---第二句：europeanlanguages

例子6：

A 3,000-year-old burial groundofa seafaring people called the Lapita has been found on an abandoned plantationon the Pacific island of Éfaté. The cemetery, whichis a significant archaeological discovery, was uncovered accidentally by anagricultural worker.

问题：如何利用指代关系---the cemetery，猜出cemetery的意思？

答案：the cemetery （墓地）= burial ground

bury v埋葬 burial adj埋葬的

例子7：

①Therewas a vastmigrationfrom Europe by land-hungry farmers and others, to which thefamine caused by the Irish potato blight contributed, to North America,Australia, New Zealand, and southern Africa. ②Millions ofhectares of forest and woodland fellbefore the newcomers' axes between 1850and 1890, as intensive European farming methods expanded across the world. ③The unprecedentedland clearance released vast quantities of carbon dioxide into theatmosphere, triggering for the first time humanly caused global warming.

问题1：line 4-thenewcomers 指谁？

问题2：line 5-theunprecedented land clearance指什么？

回答：

l farmers andothers= the newcomers

l forest andwoodland fell= the unprecedented land clearance

4.因果关系

表原因：reason/cause/because/since/as/giventhat/because of

表结果：so/hence/therefore/asa result/as a consequence

另外，笔者也总结了一些常见的但考生往往不太熟悉的可用于表达因果的语言素材：

语言表达（对象均为A、B）	原因	结果
A is responsible for B	A	B
A result in/cause/lead to B	A	B
It is A that allow…to B	A	B
B has to do with A	A	B
A breed/give rise to/generate/give birth to B	A	B

例子8：

Sincesome species are largely nocturnal,collecting should not be confined to daytime.

表原因的词为：since

中文意思：

既然一些物种是nocturnal的，那么收集（物种）不应该限定在白天

解析：相信看到这里大家都猜到nocturnal的意思为…..没错就是夜行的、夜间活动的:

例子9：

The preservative used isusually ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, asalcohol will evaporate quickly and the traps will dry out.

这里被使用的防腐剂通常是ethylene glycol or propylene glycol，因为（as）酒精会挥发（evaporate）然后陷阱就会干掉。那么问题是，防腐剂会不会用酒精呢？

不少同学第一眼会被evaporate困扰着，其实还可以利用后面语境中的traps will dry out反推，酒精应该会不见，因此可推为挥发，那么酒精肯定是不好的，从而可推ethylene glycol or propylene glycol应为非酒精的。

5.解释-main point+example/explanation

paragraphC：（Headstart programme）

l Despite substantial funding, results havebeen disappointing.

paragraphE：（Missouri programme）

l ①The results were phenomenal. (①-mainpoint)

l ②By the age of three, the children in the programme were significantly more advanced in language development than their peers.

(②-example-说明/解释句①中的results-phenomenonal)

例子10

Questions 5-10

Classify the following features ascharacterizing

A the‘Headstart’ programme

B the‘Missouri’ programme

C boththe ‘Headstart’ and the ‘Missouri’ programmes

D neitherthe ‘Headstart’ nor the ‘Missouri’ programme

Write the correct letter A, B, C orD in boxes 18-23 on your answer sheet.

7. did not succeed in its aim

分析：原文C段证据：results…disappointing说明Headstart项目失败，E段证据则表明Missouri项目的results是phenomenal的，但若我们不认识该单词，则需要结合后一句的解释性线索去理解，下一句说该项目的孩子们比同龄人more advanced，因此反推phenomenonal为褒义词，形容该项目成功。