小编给大家整理了由环雅雅思阅读袁宇坤老师写的:雅思阅读:逻辑结构在猜测词义中的应用(上)
前言
雅思阅读中考生往往比较困扰的一个问题是“文章很长,很多看不懂,时间不够啊!!!”翻译成大白话就是生词多,导致纠结,这势必影响文章阅读。很多时候我们会告诉考生,碰到看不懂的词先跳过处理其他的信息,但总有一些时候,一些生词就是出题人所考察的,怎么跳也跳不过。那么这时候该如何是好呢?
答:猜!但是不是瞎猜,而是结合语境,利用逻辑结构去猜。下面来介绍较为常用的结构:
1.并列结构。
通常并列结构连接的两者会存在相似的关系,例如A and B,那么这时候往往可以利用其中一者去大概猜测另外一者的大致意思,已达到理解和解题的目的。
题目:summary填空
Genetic analysis shows they constantly upgrade these fungi by developing new species and by 23. ____species with neighbouring ant colonies.
A aphids B agricultural C cellulose D exchanging E energy
F fertilizer G food H fungi I growing J interbreeding
K natural L other substances M secretions N sustainable O environment
原文:
DNA analysis of the fungi suggests that the ants improve or modify the fungi by regularly swapping and sharing strains with neighbouring ant colonies.
分析:
step 1:审题-关键词-定位:
题目主语为 genetic analysis-基因分析,该表述较为抽象,一般原文会以具体化的形式替换出现。同时结合句子中的they即ants和名词fungi,空格后的ant colonies共同定位
step 2:搭配-预判词性
该空格前面的搭配是 by developing new species and by____species ,通过并列结构可获知该空格填动词ing形式
step 3:回原文定位-分析作答
原文的DNA analysis= Genetic analysis,improve or modify=upgrade,最后swapping and sharing,若此时考生不知道swapping的具体意思,可根据sharing去匹配选项,最后得出答案D exchanging
2.转折结构
转折结构利用的是转折词前后意义相反,根据前/后推断出另外一头的大概含义。常见的转折词有:but/however/while/whereas/yet/although
题目:TFNG判断题
Bakelite was immediately welcomed as a practical and versatile material.
原文:
Baekelite, although treated with disdain in its early years, went on to enjoy an unparalleled popularity which lasted throughout the first half of the twentieth century. It became the wonder product of the new world of industrial expansion -- ‘the material of a thousand uses’.
分析:
审题:Bakelite was immediately welcomed as a practical and versatile material.
定位词:Bakelite 考点是副词修饰形容词immediately welcomed,这样我们的信息焦点就有了:看这东西是否立马受人们欢迎
回到原文首句出现定位词,还原并简化答案句为:
although(Bakelite was)treated /with disdain/ in its early years, Bakelite went on to enjoy an unparalleled popularity即尽管早些年人们用disdain对待Bakelite,Bakelite后来受欢迎-popularity。although为转折词,前后意义相反,disdain与popularity形成对比转折,由此可推disdain一词为“不受欢迎”这般意思(该词真实意思为鄙视,与不受欢迎差不多)。因此该题判断为False,Bakelite并非立马受欢迎,而是早些年不受人们欢迎,后来变得受欢迎
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