雅思阅读如何备考段落匹配题如何学

不少考生感觉段落匹配题比较难找，做这种题感觉时间不够，其中一个原因是审题方向错误，导致寻找信息没有焦点。那么如何审题？传统方法是把关键词划出来，带着关键词去原文直接定位寻找，然而这往往比较难实施，因为题目中的某些关键词往往在原文是替换重现，所以我们的目标就是用逻辑反向猜测其可能的替换形式，请看题：

Reading Passage has seven paragraphs, A-G.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

14.a cost involved in purifying domestic water

15.the stages in the development of the farming industry

16.the term used to describe hidden costs

Step 1-审题-横线划出关键词，并按语法结构断句理解

14.a cost /involved in /purifying domestic water

理想状态：完全理解题目，即净化国内水的一笔费用

现实状态：不认识purify、domestic，这时候考生需要跳出具体意思进行归纳，即a cost…water，与水有关的一笔费用。再进一步思考，a cost-一笔费用，表达上非常抽象，而段落往往出现其具体对应形式，即数字。最后一步，由题干a cost反向猜测可能会有某一段列举了许多costs，而其中一个cost与水有关，这只是我们进行的假设，可以去原文数字相对密集出现的段落中重点关注

15.the stages/ in the development/ of the farming industry

Stages-阶段+development发展+farming农业=农业发展的不同阶段，

思考：1.如果你是作者，如何描写这一段才能体现development发展

2.farming是个抽象词，如何具体化？

16.the term /used to describe hidden costs

用来描述隐藏费用的术语

此时，教师可以对作者提出术语的语言形式进行横向拓展，例如问学生，“你们写作时会如何提出一个全新的术语”，学生回答，“引号”（这在笔者的课堂上是最常见的答案）接着再问：“那提出以后读者不明白呢？”学生回答“解释”，接着再追问“how”…

于是就可以列举语言点了：coin/refer to as/known as等及解释性符号如破折号、冒号、括号等

Step 2-阅读文段

B  First mechanisation, then mass use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides, then

monocultures, then battery rearing of livestock, and now genetic engineering -- the onward march of intensive farming has seemed unstoppable in the last half-century, as the yields of produce have soared. But the damage it has caused has been colossal. In Britain, for example, many of our best-loved farmland birds, such as the skylark, the grey partridge, the lapwing and the corn bunting, have vanished from huge stretches of countryside, as have even more wild flowers and insects. This is a direct result of the way we have produced our food in the last four decades. Thousands of miles of hedgerows, thousands of ponds, have disappeared from the landscape.

解题思路：

序数词first-then-then…体现发展顺序

fertilizer、pesticides、intensive farming等词是farming的具体化

答案： 15 B

C  Put it all together and it looks like a battlefield, but consumers rarely make the connection at the dinner table. That is mainly because the costs of all this damage are what economists refer to as externalities: they are outside the main transaction, which is for example producing and selling a field of wheat, and are borne directly by neither producers nor consumers. To many, the costs may not even appear to be financial at all, but merely aesthetic - a terrible shame, but nothing to do with money. And anyway they, as consumers of food, certainly aren't paying for it, are they?

解题思路：

C段第三行出现what economists refer to as externalities: …. （经济学家称此为externalities，该术语后有冒号，冒号后是对这一术语的解释）externalities指代16题中的the term

C段倒数第三行出现To many, the costs may not even appear to be financial at all，体现了16题中的hidden costs

答案：16 C

E  The costs included: £120m for removal of pesticides; £16m for removal of nitrates; £55m for removal of phosphates and soil; £23m for the removal of the bug Cryptosporidium from drinking water by water companies; £125m for damage to wildlife habitats, hedgerows and dry stone walls; £1,113m from emissions of gases likely to contribute to climate change; £106m from soil erosion and organic carbon losses; £169m from food poisoning; and £607m from cattle disease.

解题思路：

E段第二行出现的 £23m for the removal of the bug Cryptosporidium from drinking water by water companies（从饮用水中除虫），是14题的purify domestic water的同义替换

removal n除去 bug n虫子 purify v净化

答案14 E

接下来，我们一道heading题讲解排除法

List of headings

iiIndustrialisation and the fear of unemployment

iiiThe development of cities in Japan

Paragraph G

But, if tea is a factor in the combination lock, why didn’t Japan forge ahead in a tea-soaked industrial revolution of its own? Macfarlane notes that even though 17th-centuty Japan had large cities, high literacy rates, even a futures market, it had turned its back on the essence of any work-based revolution by giving up labour-saving devices such as animals, afraid that they would put people out of work, So, the nation that we now think of as one of the most technologically advanced entered the 19th century having ‘abandoned the wheel’.

分析：

当时这段很多考生会在ii与iii中徘徊，最后选了iii The development of cities in Japan，理由是看到了文段第二行的Japan had large cities，但通过上一题我们得知，要体现development of cities作者需从最早日本城市是怎样的一步一步按次序描述到现在日本城市的情况，即需要体现动态的发展，而文章只是提及日本有大城市这一事实，无提及发展，所以排除iii，而倒数第二三行的afraid=fear、unemployment=put people out of work，与ii存在替换，文段解释了日本并没有发生工业革命，是因为出于担心工具使人实业然后放弃了这些节省劳动力的工具。所以，对应选项ii Industrialisation（果） and the fear of unemployment（因）