本文出自:托福阅读教师黄国静 Julian
教育背景:
南昌大学外国语学院·德语系本科毕业。
托福高分。
曾在电商外贸公司里担任德国市场业务小组组长,德英双语就职;后转互联网行业公司,日常中英沟通境内外业务,期间兼职外教助教工作。
教学特色:
课堂讲练结合,亲和力强,可以根据学生兴趣可以分享互联网行业相关的工作经验。
注重根据学生特点设计学习方法论,通过学员课堂及作业情况及时调整教学内容,让每个学员的学习都能“个性化”。
夜晚,阅州城内某一偏僻酒肆内,人影窜动。
阅环助,可算是找到你们了,为何多日不曾传信回营,到底发生何事。今日之战,想必你们也有所耳闻,突然出现的那股兵力让我军吃了不少苦头,到底是何来头。
阅军师,前些日子,我们发现这阅州镇守大将每隔几日就会出府深夜才回,费了番功夫才找到他前往之所,发现驻扎了一支军团,里面的士兵、统领、统帅,从衣着到兵器都与以往见过的不同。我们猜测这很可能是外面传言的阅州防御军:第六军团【状语从句】。
我有所耳闻,传言说多年前这位阅州大将号称要打造一支可以抵御一切的军团作为阅州城最后的防线。
没错,军师,为了弄清楚情况,我们耗费了不少时日,这才耽搁了传信营中。
无妨,只是主帅很担心你们。可有搜集到什么有用情报?
那防御军所在之处,巡防甚严,我等这些时日所获消息并不多,今日的那股兵力情况,我已写在信中。
好,我等不宜久留,阅环助还有各位助辅,你们要多加小心。
环球阵营主帅大营内……
可有受伤?
主帅不必担忧,一切顺利,这是阅环助收集到的情报,主帅请过目。
第六军团【状语从句】
在句中充当状语,可修饰动词、整个句子(其他暂不赘述),共有9种:时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、方式、结果、让步、比较。
第一营 – 时间状语从句:
主要由when, while, as, after, before等表示时间的连词引导,表达事情发生的时间。
【例】My brother entered school when he was eight years old.
【例】Mother is cooking the dinner while I am watching TV.
看来,接下来的形势比较严峻,这支军团的兵力居然由九个功能各异的兵营构成,作战能力可见一斑。军师,明日先让士兵开始熟悉这第一营的作战模式,想出对策后再让士兵们演练对战。
“明白,主帅。”
翌日,环球阵营内……
例文 The exact time and place that crops were first cultivated successfully is uncertain. Many prehistorians believe that farming may have emerged independently in several different areas of the world when small communities, driven by increasing population and a decline in available food resources, began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival. The first farmers, who may have lived as long as 10,000 years ago, undoubtedly used simple techniques and still relied primarily on other forms of food production, such as hunting, foraging, or pastoralism. The real breakthrough took place when farmers began to cultivate crops along the floodplains of river systems.
——段落选自历史类《The First Civilization 第一个文明》
军需就位
托福长难句战四回合
cultivate v. 种植;培养,培育
emerge v. 出现;浮现
available adj. 可获得的,可利用的
seed n. 种子
forage v. 觅食
independently adv. 独立地
increase v. 增加;增长
decline v. 减少;降低
辅助武器就位
托福长难句战四回合
crop n. 庄稼,农作物
seed n. 种子
pastoralism n. 畜牧(业)
floodplain n. 洪涝平原
prehistorian n. 史前学家
例句一
The exact time and place that crops were first cultivated successfully is uncertain.
解析
托福长难句战四回合
time and place that crops were first cultivated successfully:
that 引导的定语从句,修饰time和place,表“…….的时间和地点”。整句话译为“庄稼首次被种植成功的确切时间和地点并不确定。”
例句二
Many prehistorians believe that farming may have emerged independently in several different areas of the world when small communities, driven by increasing population and a decline in available food resources, began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival.
解析
托福长难句战四回合
believe that farming may have emerged independently in several different areas of the world:
that引导宾语从句做believe的宾语成分;in several different areas of the world是地点状语,整句话译为“在世界几个不同区域”。
small communities, driven by increasing population and a decline in available food resources:
过去分词 done + 名词性短语,整个作为后置定语②形式(详见推文第一回:初探军情)修饰communities,表“…..的小群落”,译为“迫于不断增长的人口以及可获的食物资源下降的小群落”
an effort to guarantee their survival:
effort名词 + to do(不定式),构成后置定语③形式(详见推文第一回:初探军情),表“.…..的努力”,译为“保证他们生存的努力”
when small communities, 修饰成分, began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival:
when引导的时间状语从句,表示事情发生的时间是什么样的。译为“当小群落开始在地里种植庄稼以试图保证他们的生存时”
例句三
The first farmers, who may have lived as long as 10,000 years ago, undoubtedly used simple techniques and still relied primarily on other forms of food production, such as hunting, foraging, or pastoralism.
解析
托福长难句战四回合
farmers, who may have lived as long as 10,000 years ago:
who引导的一种特殊定语从句,对farmers的具体说明,译为“出现在1万年前的首个农民”
forms of food production:
介词 + 名词短语 = 介词短语,构成后置定语④形式修饰forms,表“.…..的形式/方式”,译为“粮食生产的方式”
例句四
The real breakthrough took place when farmers began to cultivate crops along the floodplains of river systems.
解析
托福长难句战四回合
when farmers began to cultivate crops along the floodplains of river systems:
when引导的时间状语从句,表示事情发生的时间是什么样的,表“当…….时”。译为“当农民们开始沿着河流系统的洪涝平原种植庄稼时”
段落大意
庄稼首次被种植成功的确切时间和地点并不确定。很多史前学家认为农业可能是当那些迫于不断增长的人口以及可获的食物资源下降的小群落开始在地里种植种子以试图维持生计时,才出现在世界的不同几个区域。出现在1万年前的首个农民毫无疑问是使用简单的技术,并且主要依赖于其他的食物生产的方式,比如狩猎,觅食或畜牧。当农民们开始沿着河流系统的洪涝平原种植庄稼时,真正的突破发生了。
主帅,经过这几日的熟悉和演练,士兵们基本可以应对【时间状语从句】这个兵营的作战了。
嗯~ 很好,阅环助的情报还提及到另外两个兵营的情况。军师,你着手安排下去让士兵们熟悉起来,尽快想出应对之法操练起来。
是,主帅。更多备考详情咨询老师即可~
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