托福阅读想要29分，总结题一定不能放过！

　　托福要破百，阅读是每个同学都想把握的机会。都说阅读最容易提分，可单词背到天荒地老、语法学到要死要活后，很多童鞋的阅读成绩也一直被吊打。在2018年统计中，中国大陆考生托福平均分为80分，而阅读平均分也只是在21，而30分的目标一直在地上摩擦。高分根本不简单哟～

　　先给大家盘算下阅读考题形式。阅读一共有十大题型，分别从词（词汇题/指代题）、句（句子简化题）、段（细节：事实信息题+否定事实信息题+推断；结构：功能作用题+插入题）、文章（6选3或表格题）四个维度设置，其中词汇题占比2/10，句子简化题占比0-1/10，事实信息题、否定事实信息题和推断题占比5-6/10，功能作用题和插入题1-2/10，6选3题或表格题1/10。

　　21分以下的同学一定要在句子和细节理解题型上多下功夫，25分的同学要开始学习段落结构，而冲刺30分的同学必须拿下6选3题。

　　可以说，6选3题是每个想要拿到高分同学的拦路虎，今天重点来讲解下6选3题的攻克锦囊。不管是小萌新，还是备考老司机，都会对你有帮助哟。

　　很多托福烤鸭们都觉得6选3题好难好难呢，为什么看到总结题就开始犯怵呢？ 你做这个题时，是把全文都看懂，大脑把所有细节再演练一遍，再去一一跟选项对应吗？

　　记住，6选3题并不是纯粹的细节题，千万别摩拳擦掌，一手打在棉花上。

　　我们先来看下题目要求：

　　题目要求：

Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

　　大白话版本就是这样：

　　文章中有一个总结句，我们要做的就是选出主题下的段落主旨，一般来说一个选项对应一个段落中心。我们选答案的标准不仅仅在于选项内容正确，更要看它是不是总结性的话题。所以，我们在寻找答案时，首先要清楚我们想读到什么，然后以关键词快速筛选。

　　举个例子：

　　TPO40.3 Amphibian Thermoregulation:  Although amphibians are poor thermoregulators, they do have some control over their body temperature.

　　总结句强调的是：两栖动物有体温调节能力，后文会展开两栖动物具体展开体温调节的方式。

　　脑子里有清晰的概念后，我们来一一阅读选项：

　　A．Frogs, which survive temperature ranges from as low as -2℃ to as high as 41℃, are evidence that amphibians are independent of ambient temperatures.

　　B．Physical adaptations offer amphibians a number of ways to protect against extreme or dangerous climate conditions.

　　C．Amphibians can increase their body temperature by exposing themselves to the sun (heliothermy) and by pressing against the ground (thigmothermy).

　　D．Sunrise is the time when some amphibian species have the greatest need for thermoregulatory mechanisms.

　　E．Avoidance behaviors, such as sheltering from the sun, as well as estivation and hibernation, help amphibians control their body temperature.

　　F．Hibernation always involves digging deep holes in mud or sand, whereas estivation sometimes involves nothing more than hiding in deep rock crevasses.

　　关键词提取版本为：

　　A．Frogs, which survive temperature ranges from as low as -2℃ to as high as 41℃, are evidence that amphibians are independent of ambient temperatures.

　　B．Physical adaptations offer amphibians a number of ways to protect against extreme or dangerous climate conditions.

　　C．Amphibians can increase their body temperature by exposing themselves to the sun (heliothermy) and by pressing against the ground (thigmothermy).

　　D．Sunrise is the time when some amphibian species have the greatest need for thermoregulatory mechanisms.

　　E．Avoidance behaviors, such as sheltering from the sun, as well as estivation and hibernation, help amphibians control their body temperature.

　　F．Hibernation always involves digging deep holes in mud or sand, whereas estivation sometimes involves nothing more than hiding in deep rock crevasses.

　　有没有发现，即便在没有阅读全文细节。只是对选项有个模糊概念后，甚至足以全部猜对答案。或许，你有一种错觉，总结题竟然比细节题还要简单，奈何你竟苦苦挣扎那么久！！！

　　没错，掌握了6选3题的规律，分分钟你也可以把它变成秒杀题。现在，你只是做对了一件事情：投其所好！题目要求什么，你就重点想什么。读的太多不深入思考，反倒“只见树木，不见森林”。

　　再来看一个例题：

　　TPO24-3 Moving into Pueblos: In the thirteenth century, the people in the Mesa Verde area went from living in scattered independent households to living in large pueblos.

Paragraph1: In the Mesa Verde area of the ancient North American Southwest, living patterns changed in the thirteenth century, with large numbers of people moving into large communal dwellings called pueblos, often constructed at the edges of canyons, especially on the sides of cliffs.

Paragraph2: For transitions of such suddenness, archaeologists consider either pull factors (benefits that drew families together) or push factors (some external threat or crisis that forced people to aggregate).

　　Paragraph3: Population growth is considered a particularly influential push.

　　Paragraph4: Another important push was the onset of the Little Ice Age, a climatic phenomenon that led to cooler temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere.

　　Paragraph5: In the face of all these pushes, people in the Mesa Verde area had yet another reason to move into communal villages: the need for greater cooperation.

　　关键词提取版本为：

Paragraph1: In the Mesa Verde area of the ancient North American Southwest, living patterns changed in the thirteenth century, with large numbers of people moving into large communal dwellings called pueblos, often constructed at the edges of canyons, especially on the sides of cliffs.　Paragraph2: For transitions of such suddenness, archaeologists consider either pull factors (benefits that drew families together) or push factors (some external threat or crisis that forced people to aggregate).

　　Paragraph3: Population growth is considered a particularly influential push.

　　Paragraph4: Another important push was the onset of the Little Ice Age, a climatic phenomenon that led to cooler temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere.

　　Paragraph5: In the face of all these pushes, people in the Mesa Verde area had yet another reason to move into communal villages: the need for greater cooperation.

　　这篇文章属于传统型的现象解释型文章，即引出人们Moving into Pueblos这个现象，进而解释该决定产生的原因，包括人口增长、冰川及社会合作。掐指一算，3个理由正好与3个正确答案对号入座。有个明确的答案预期后，我们来看下选项：

　　A.    Because the thirteenth-century inhabitants of the Mesa Verde area did not have the cultural expectations of today's city dwellers, they easily adapted to communal life.

　　B.    Even though living in pueblos had disadvantages, the population of the area had grown so large that there may have been no other arrangement that would have met its needs.

　　C.     From the eleventh century onward, farmers began to increase food production on existing farmland and started bringing more land under cultivation.

　　D.    A development that contributed to increasing population densities was a cooling climate that led many people to leave the coldest areas and crowd into climatically more favorable areas.

　　E.     The primary reason for moving to pueblos was the social benefits associated with communal life.

　　F.     People were brought together by the need to produce food cooperatively, as the use of food surpluses in one place to relieve shortages in another ended due to a change in climate

　　即便你的单词和语法基础不好，kancy也会确定你能选出正确答案BDF：

　　A.   Because the thirteenth-century inhabitants of the Mesa Verde area did not have the cultural expectations of today's city dwellers, they easily adapted to communal life.

　　B.    Even though living in pueblos had disadvantages, the population of the area had grown so large that there may have been no other arrangement that would have met its needs.

　　C.     From the eleventh century onward, farmers began to increase food production on existing farmland and started bringing more land under cultivation.

　　D.    A development that contributed to increasing population densities was a cooling climate that led many people to leave the coldest areas and crowd into climatically more favorable areas.

　　E.     The primary reason for moving to pueblos was the social benefits associated with communal life.

　　F.     People were brought together by the need to produce food cooperatively, as the use of food surpluses in one place to relieve shortages in another ended due to a change in climate

　　好比谈恋爱，自己主动找的对象总能相处地更热烈。阅读也是如此。只有自己在文中主动找到的关键词，才会印象深刻，选题也能神速。

　　所以，大家在选题时候，一定要非常清楚盯着什么要的关键词去筛选选项，不要久久沉浸在细节中不能自拔。也要非常熟悉托福段落展开方式，知道如何快速找到主旨句。总结题如此，整个托福考试亦是。整个托福备考一定要明确考试要求，熟悉做题套路，再大的问题只要一点点拆解总能解决。