托福阅读技巧讲解超详细

　　今天想告诉备考托福阅读的童鞋们一个道理：

　　时间不是你最大的对手，你的注意力才是。用最少时间，读最少单词，你完全可以读懂。

　　下面结合例子教大家在阅读中如何正确分配好注意力。托福阅读技巧讲解超详细

　　题目

　　TPO23 Urban Climates

The burning of fuel, such as by cars, is not the only source of this increased heat. Two other factors contribute to the higher overall temperature in cities. The first is the heat capacity of the materials that constitute the city, which is typically dominated by concrete and asphalt. During the day, heat from the Sun can be conducted into these materials and stored—to be released at night. But in the countryside materials have a significantly lower heat capacity because a vegetative blanket prevents heat from easily flowing into and out of the ground. The second factor is that radiant heat coming into the city from the Sun is trapped in two ways: (1) by a continuing series of reflection among the numerous vertical surfaces that buildings present and (2) by the dust dome, the cloudlike layer of polluted air that most cities produce. Shortwave radiation from the Sun passes through the pollution dome more easily than outgoing longwave radiation does; the latter is absorbed by the gaseous pollutants of the dome and reradiated back to the urban surface.

　　According to paragraph 3, each of the following contributes to making urban areas warmer than the surrounding countryside EXCEPT

　　A.the fuel burned by motor vehicles

　　B.the capacity to store heat of the materials used in building a city

　　C.the easy flow of heat into the ground in city areas covered by vegetation

　　D.the repeated reflection of solar radiation back and forth among buildings

　　下面，先真实还原一下小白的做题思路：

　　阅读题目和选项

　　首先，你先把题目看了一下，问的是“城市比周边城镇温度高的因素哪个没有看到”。

　　既然这是排除题，接下来你先把选项看一遍，到时候读原文时候，看到选项跟原文一致的内容也可以尽快排除。

　　A 说的是类似motor vehicles的燃料

　　B 说的是跟储存材料的热量有关的能力（capacity to store heat of the materials）

　　C 热量的流动（the easy flow of heat）

　　D 太阳能辐射的重复折射折射（the repeated reflection of solar radiation）

　　定位原文、选择答案

　　接下来，就回原文看看哪里说到温度高了吧。正好，顺着原文往下看：“Two other factors contribute to the higher overall temperature in cities. ”这句话说的是有两个因素会导致城市温度升高，跟题目

　　说是一个事。那后面提到的那两个原因肯定得认真看。

　　The first is the heat capacity of the materials that constitute the city, which is typically dominated by concrete and asphalt.

　　the first 说到了第一个因素，跟材料有关，跟B选项一致，可以排除。

　　继续往下看：But in the countryside materials have a significantly lower heat capacity because a vegetative blanket prevents heat from easily flowing into and out of the ground. 这句话说到了vegetitive blanket，不正是C选项有提到嘛，排除。

　　继续:The second factor is that radiant heat coming into the city from the Sun is trapped in two ways.

　　the second factor 意味着，说完了第一个因素后，开始讲第二个因素。并且，还会说两种方式。反正，我已经排除两个选项了， 后面肯定会再有一个选项对应原文。

　　(1) by a continuing series of reflection among the numerous vertical surfaces that buildings present

　　reflection在D选项中见到，可以排除；的确(2) by the dust dome跟A选项也没关系。

　　好了，这道题肯定选A了。

　　是不是感觉读的明明白白的，生词和长难句也不多，想必自个儿一定能做对题呢？ETS可把你盘地清清楚楚。

　　读托福阅读文章时，一直强调：不要光顾着翻译读句子，一定要学习主动出击，按照逻辑结构把注意力放在最重要的单词上。

　　识别逻辑关系词

　　比如在看到原文，“Two other factors contribute to the higher overall temperature in cities. ”时，发现了【句间并列】信号词“ two other"， 就知道上一句已经写出了一个因素，而后文还是指出其他两个因素。“前1+后2=3”就是排除三个选项的依据。

　　阅读逻辑内容

　　接下来，把焦点放在了第一句“The burning of fuel, such as by cars, is not the only source of this increased heat.”， 提炼出一

　　因素为"the burning of fuel".

　　后面，重点关注的是并列逻辑信号所有的句子，即“The first is the heat capacity of the materials that constitute the city”

　　The second factor is that radiant heat coming into the city from the Sun is trapped in two ways: (1) by a continuing series of reflection  and (2) by the dust dome.

　　相继排除ABD

　　也就是说，你的C答案只是扫了一眼，压根没有放在眼里。最后，快速准确地选出正确答案, 而你自认为读地很仔细，但还是选错答案。

　　为什么呢？

　　因为kancy抓住了逻辑关系词，预判出了前后话题展开的方式，把注意力只放在了与逻辑相关的重点单词上。

　　知道，原文中“the first..”和“the second factor..."之间肯定不会出现新因素，只能是对第一个因素material的展开解释。事实上，精读句子，"But in the countryside materials have a significantly lower heat capacity because a vegetative blanket prevents heat from easily flowing into and out of the ground. " 你会知道：but转折内容是将城市与城镇对比，concrete and asphalt in city VS vegetation in countryside, 当然植物越多，温度越低。C选项说的是城市有植物造成温度升高，原文并非如此。

　　注意力分配

　　回顾一下，看这篇文章时候，注意力放在

　　信号词：two other; the first; the second; two way

　　关键词：the burning of fuel ,materials, reflection, dust dome

　　总耗时：<1min

　　所以说，时间并不是你最大的敌人。在有限时间内，你把注意力放在哪里非常重要。如果你能准确筛选出段落关键词，即便读的少，理解反倒更准确，阅读速度也是相当快。