雅思写作：透过分析学写细节 之 饼状图 Pie chart

　　透过分析学写细节 之 饼状图 Pie chart

　　小伙伴们，大家好。很多同学对雅思A类小作文整体结构和框架有了比较好的了解，但是遇到饼状图，对一些细节却束手无策。那么，今天Merry带大家一起学习下饼状图中的很多细节的描述，之后欣赏一篇考官给出的栗子。

　　首先，看到饼状图，我们首先就会想到各种“占”怎么表达啊?

　　请看下列单词

　　occupy/ account for/make up/represent/cover ect.

　　A占了大约百分之五十, 我们可以写成

　　A occupies/accounts for/makes up/represents/covers approximately 50%.

　　关于整体上占的比例，

　　1)一般大于50%我们可以写成a majority或者说the majority(大部分)

　　60% 的表达方式three fifths/three out of five或者the majority

　　2)如果小于50%的，整体上我们可以写为--a minority/the minority

　　3)可是如果你看到了题目中，一个数字是所有比例中的最大值，如45%或者40%，但是又不到50%， 那么这种情况可以表达为，Comparatively a majority

　　接下来，Merry老师带大家一起解读一下这道饼状图的题目，更进一步的说一下一些你不得不知道的细节写法。

　　题目为C8T2T1 WRITING TASK 1

　　You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

　　The three pie charts below show the changes in annual spending by a particular UK school in 1981, 1991 and 2001.

　　Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

　　其中教师的工资 Teachers’ salary 和other workers’ salary 可以统称为员工工资staff salaries 整体上占了最大的支出，因此可以写为 The greatest expenditure was on staff salaries.

　　在1981年的饼状图中，Resources e.g. books 占了15%, Furniture and equipment 占了15%，如果分写两句比较重复，我们也可以表达成如下面第三句的写法。

　　• 15% of the spending was shared by resources, such as books.

　　• 15% of the spending was shared by furniture and equipment.

　　• 30%altogether was shared by resources, and furniture, and equipment.

　　当然，整个题目种三个饼状图，不同项目的支出费用，在时间上存在着支出增加或者减少的动态变化，因此关于变化的句型，我们也最好不要过于单一。举个栗子，如果想要写保险费的变化，

　　l 我们可以以变化主体insurance 本身做主语, 如

　　The insurance increased from 2% in 1981 to 8% in 2001.

　　l 也可以用There be 句型+in +变化的主体，

　　There was an increase from 2% in 1981 to 8% in 2001 in the expenditure of insurance.

　　l 还可以以时间做主语，

　　The year of 2001 witnessed the increase of 6% in insurance.

　　接下来，我们再看看1981，1991和2001这三个学年中学校在Resources e.g. books 上的支出数字，分别是 1981 – 15%， 1991—20%， 2001 – 9%，呈现了先增加后减少的动态变化，那么我们的表达可以写为，书这类资源的支出先增加到1991年的20%，之后又减少到2001年占9%的比例，也可以用时间状语从句，表达为，书这类的资源在减少到9%之前呈现增加的变化。

　　Expenditure on resources such as books has increased to 20% by 1991, and then decreased to only 9% by the end of the period.

　　Or

　　Expenditure on resources such as books had increased to 20% by 1991 before decreasing to only 9% by the end of the period.

　　当我们要描述饼状图，剩下的比例是由谁占的，那么剩下的表达方式

　　The rest(n.)/the remainder(n.) 后面不加数字

　　The remaining +数字，如 the remaining 28% -- 余下的百分之二十八

　　最后，我们一起欣赏下IELTS 考官的一篇关于这道小作文题目的范文。具体看一下以上我们讲解的在这篇范文中的部分体现。

　　范文：

　　The charts show how much a UK school spent on different running costs in three separate years: 1981, 1991 and 2001.

　　In all three years, the greatest expenditure was on staff salaries. But while other workers' salaries saw a fall from 28% in 1981 to only 15% of spending in 2001, teachers' pay remained the biggest cost, reaching 50% of total spending in 1991 and ending at 45% in 2001.

　　Expenditure on resources such as books had increased to 20% by 1991 before decreasing to only 9% by the end of the period. In contrast, the cost of furniture and equipment saw an opposite trend. This cost decreased to only 5% of total expenditure in 1991 but rose dramatically in 2001 when it represented 23% of the school budget. Similarly, the cost of insurance saw a rising trend, growing from only 2% to 8% by 2001.

　　Overall, teachers" salaries constituted the largest cost to the school, and while spending increased dramatically for equipment and insurance, there were corresponding drops in expenditure on things such as books and on other workers' salaries.